5형식 - 사역동사 & 지각동사

5형식: 주어 + 동사 (불완전타동사) + 목적어 + 목적격보어

 

 

사역동사

 

종류 – make (강요), have (요청, 부탁), let (방임, 무의지)

기본용법 – 주어 + 사역동사(make, have, let) + 목적어 + 원형부정사

                수동태가 되면 원형부정사가 to부정사로 바뀜

 

He made us do the work (O) / He made us to do the work (X)

Have him come early (O) / Have him to come early (X)

I had the repairman repair my car

= I had my car repaired by the repairman.

= I got the repairman to repair my car.

 

사역동사의 주의용법

 

① have +목적어(주로 사람) + 원형 부정사 : 목적어와 목적보어 관계가 능동

   의미: ①~에게 시키다                 ② ~ 을 당하다

I had her take my picture = I had my picture taken by her.

 

② have (get) + 목적어 (주로 사물) + p.p. (과거분사) : 목적어와 목적보어 관계가 수동

의미: ①~을 시키다                        ② ~ 을 당하다 = experience

He had his leg broken / He had his picture taken / I had my hair cut yesterday.

 

Find + 목적어 + p.p. = 주어 + be found + p.p. (수동태)

We found her wounded = She was found wounded by us.

 

③ help + 목적어 + 원형부정사 (to 부정사)

We help you (to) plan every detail right.

 

④ 준사역동사 – 사역 (~을 시키다)의 뜻을 가지고 to 부정사를 목적보어로 취하는 동사

형태 – 주어 + 준사역동사 + 목적어 + to 부정사

동사 – force, compel, forbid, cause, permit, persuade, allow, get, urge, enable,

advise, encourage

 

He forced me to sign the papers (O) / He forced me sigh the papers (X)

Be forced (forbidden, compelled) to V (수동태) – I was forced to study.

Prevent, stop, prohibit, abstain, keep, deter, ban A from ~ ing

Nothing will prevent me from doing my duty.

 

지각동사 (5감 동사)

 

종류 – 보다형:  see                      watch                               find

          듣다형:  hear                      listen to

          기타:      feel                     perceive(인지하다)           notice (깨닫다)

 

용법 – 지각동사 + 목적어 + 원형부정사 : 목적어와 목적보어 관계가 능동                                                      (완결된 동작을 말함)        지각동사 + 목적어 + 현재분사 : 목적어와 목적보어 관계가 수동                                                      (진행중인 동작을 말함)        지각동사 + 목적어 (사물) + 과거분사 : 목적어와 목적보어 관계가 수동

 

I saw him cross the street = he crossed the street and I saw it.

I saw him crossing the street = he was crossing the street, and I saw him while he was doing that

He will not see the house completed.

 

사역동사 & 지각동사의 수동태

 

목적격보어인 원형부정사가 to 부정사로 바뀜

 

He made me do the work

= I was made to do the work by him (O) / I was made do the work by him (X)

 

I saw him enter the room

= He was seen to enter the room by me (O) / He was seen enter to room by me (X).

 

★ have 와 let 은 수동태로 쓸 수 없음. 대신 be allowed to V , be asked to V를 사용함

He lets me do the task

= I am allowed to do the task = I am asked to do the task

  She was asked to leave the room.